The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.